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Formation of Korean Schools in Japan after Liberation : Focusing on Kyoto Chosun Middle School

In 1947, the Kyoto Korean Middle School was established in Kyoto, Japan, primarily through the efforts of prominent Korean expatriate community leaders. Research examining the early formation of Korean schools in Japan remains limited, both domestically in Korea and within Japan itself. This analysis examines the school's initial establishment in 1947 through various primary sources, including manifestos prepared by the Kyoto Korean Education Association for the Korean expatriate community, administrative documents submitted to Kyoto Prefecture, and recent publications from both Kyoto Korean Middle School and its successor institution, Kyoto International Junior and Senior High School. Following liberation in 1945, influential Korean expatriates across the political spectrum in Kyoto organized the Kyoto Korean Education Association. This organization established the Kyoto Korean Middle School to address the need for secondary education among Korean expatriate youth in the region. While the Korean community in Kyoto initially sought to establish a formal “middle school” (中学校), Japanese authorities only granted approval for a “miscellaneous school” (各種学校) classification. Although Kyoto Chosun Middle School was a variety of schools, Koreans in Kyoto started a school for their compatriots. This represented a pragmatic compromise given the geographical context of Japan. Despite receiving no support from their homeland and being unable to return to Korea, the Korean community in Kyoto successfully established this educational institution and implemented curricula designed to preserve Korean ethnic identity. Examination of the initial list of founders confirms that the school was established through cooperation between both leftist and rightist factions, transcending ideological differences. However, as the Korean peninsula became divided, the Korean expatriate community and its educational institutions likewise experienced fragmentation. Through investigating the subsequent activities of those involved in the school's founding, it becomes evident that the Kyoto Korean Middle School eventually excluded leftist elements and continued operations primarily under the influence of the Korean Residents Union in Japan (Mindan). While numerous Chongryon-affiliated Korean schools exist throughout Japan, Kyoto Korean Middle School has maintained its association with the Kyoto branch of Mindan, positioning itself as the region’s sole “Korean school” continuing to the present day.

1947年、日本の京都で在日同胞有志を中心に中等教育機関である京都朝鮮中学校が出発した。 国内はもちろん、日本現地でも在日韓国学校の初期の姿について研究した文は多くない。1947年、学校が始めた当時の姿を京都朝鮮人教育会で在日同胞たちを対象に作成した発起文をはじめとする資料、京都府に提出した行政文書、京都朝鮮中学校と以後、京都国際中·高等学校で発刊した最近の資料を土台に分析した。 1945年に解放され、左右を網羅した京都地域の在日同胞有志たちが京都朝鮮人教育会を組織した。この団体を中心に京都地域の在日韓国人青少年の中等教育を解決するために設立した教育機関が京都朝鮮中学校だった。京都地域の同胞たちは正式に「中学校」としてスタートしようとしたが、日本政府は各種学校である「中学」として許可を出した。京都地域の在日同胞たちは、「京都朝鮮中学校は各種学校だったが、同胞自制のための学校を出発させた。日本という地域を考慮した現実的な代案だった。祖国に戻ることができなかった京都地域の同胞たちが祖国から何の助けもなかったが、学校を建設し、韓民族であることを忘れない教育を実施した。初期発起人名簿を通じて思想を越えて左右勢力が共に協力して出帆したことが確認できた。ところが、韓半島における祖国の分断に伴い、在日同胞社会と民族教育機関も分裂した。設立に参加した彼らの以後の行跡を通じて京都朝鮮中学校は左翼系勢力を除外させ、民団系中心に学校が維持された事実も確認できた。日本の色々な地域には朝鮮総連と関係した朝鮮学校が多いが、京都朝鮮中学校は京都地域民団と連係して京都地域唯一の「韓国学校」を標榜し現在に至っている。