송대(宋代) 점차법(點茶法)과 차도구 비교 - 문헌과 다화 중심으로

Comparison of Matcha(powdered green tea) Method in the Song Dynasty Period and Tea Equipment - Focusing on Literature and Tea Paintings

Tea drinking customs spread by YookWoo, etc. in the Tang Dynasty became popular among literators, but were enjoyed by all walks of life in the Song Dynasty. Manufactured in green in the Tang Dynasty, bottle tea turned into reddish brown over time so when it was put into Goryeo celadons manufactured under the influence of Yuezhou-Yao, restoration into original color was able to be achieved. As『Darok』written by Chaeyang in the Song Dynasty is saying, “White tea in terms of color is a truly precious a tea”, white-colored tea water was able to be radiantly shown in the tea bowl coated with black glaze. Compared to the Tang Dynasty, the tea bowl coated with black glaze was designed to make it easier to whisk and foam malch(khyuk-bool) with malcha brush by narrowing the inlet of the bowl, increasing the wall of the bowl, and widening the bottom of the bowl. In this way, with an emphasis on sophisticated culture, the Song Dynasty promoted the development of making tea and porcelains and created kiln sites. In the Song Dynasty, tea utensils used to grind tea to make powders included tea mortars, tea millstones, and tea grinders, but a fine tea power was needed by whisking and foaming malch(khyuk-bool) so tea was roughly ground in kites and grinded again in millstones. In the『Darok』written by Chaeyang, the tea utensils to whisk and foam malch(khyuk-bool) were tea spoons, but in the 『Daegwandaron』written by Emperor Huizong, malcha brush gradually appeared as tea utensils. In addition, tea utensils in the Song Dynasty, which appeared in <Preparing tea > by Liu Songnian and <Eighteen Scholars of the Tang> by Emperor Huizong, are the most popular tea paintings. In particular, tea meetings of literators inform tea drinking customs, of which <The Eighteen Scholars> demonstrates tea bowl coated with black glaze and cup-stand. Oil droplets, which show Yaobian in Jian-yao kiln in China's Fujian province, and show silvery or gold-white spots like oil droplets, and Indusium griseum looks like ashes sprinkled on the glaze, black cupand toho-cup were produced. In particular, the traces of glaze and the yellow silk patterns were similar to rabbit furs, so it was called a rabbit fur teacup. A black glaze cup was made so that the white tea foam and water marks, which are the actions of Tea competition, could be easily distinguished. The cup saucer first appeared in Zen Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties, and was gradually used as a tea set to enhance the elegance of tea tables in the Song Dynasty. In addition, iron oxide was used as a coloring agent to fire celadons in various colors at kiln sites in Shaanxi, Henan, and Zhejiang, celadon teacups were common, and descriptions on celadon teacups often appeared in the Song Dynasty.