毛泽东早期社会调查研究的具体方法及现实启示——以《寻乌调查》为文本的分析

Mao Zedong’s Early Social Investigation Methodology and Its Contemporary Relevance: An Analysis Based on Xunwu Survey

Investigation and research constitute an invaluable heirloom of our Party and a fundamental skill for executing all tasks effectively. Xunwu Survey, authored by Mao Zedong during the Agrarian Revolutionary War, stands as a paradigmatic model of social investigation. It resolved practical issues confronting the Party at that historical juncture and provided an empirical foundation for subsequent policy formulation. Within this work, Mao employed distinctive methodologies—including historical contextual analysis, typological subject investigation, class analysis, and interview-based symposia—all imbued with quintessential Marxist characteristics. These approaches have since crystallized into exemplary methodologies for the Communist Party of China’s investigative practices. Furthermore, examining Mao’s investigative methods yields critical contemporary insights: the imperative of problem-oriented approaches, adherence to the Mass Line, and unwavering commitment to seeking truth from facts throughout the investigative process.

调查研究是我们党的传家宝，是做好各项工作的基本功。《寻乌调查》是毛泽东在土地革命战争时期开展调查研究的经典范本，解决了当时党所面临的实际问题，为党后来制定政策作出部署提供实践依据。在《寻乌调查》中，毛泽东使用的历史背景调查法、典型对象调查法、阶级分析方法、会议走访调查法等调查研究方法蕴含着马克思主义的鲜明特点，并成为中国共产党进行调查研究的优良方法。同时，探析毛泽东调查研究方法还启示我们在开展调查研究过程中要注重问题导向、走群众路线和坚持实事求是。