초고령사회 대한민국의 건강발전을 위한 물리치료 선진화 방안

Advancing Physical Therapy for a Healthier Future in Super-Aged South Korea

By 2025, South Korea is expected to become a super-aged society, which may lead to increased healthcare costs and demand for older adult care. Expanding physical therapy is a crucial strategy to enhance public health and reduce medical expenditures. Countries such as the United States and Canada have successfully integrated independent physical therapy clinics, improving access to rehabilitation while lowering healthcare costs. South Korea has made progress by standardizing physical therapy education and requiring clinical training of healthcare personnel before licensure. However, legal restrictions and opposition from medical associations limit professional autonomy. Despite concerns that independent physical therapy may increase costs and risks, international studies have shown that direct access improves patient outcomes and reduces overall healthcare spending. Given the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular conditions, physical therapists are taking on more critical roles in preventive and rehabilitative care. Advanced healthcare systems worldwide have effectively incorporated cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, whereas South Korea faces challenges in expanding such services despite heart disease being a leading cause of death. This study examined the current state of physical therapy in South Korea and highlighted the structural barriers and need for policy reforms. Establishing physical therapists as primary healthcare providers can improve access to care, reduce reliance on costly medical interventions, and promote long-term economic sustainability. By implementing legal and institutional changes, South Korea can develop a more efficient and globally competitive healthcare system. Strengthening the professional autonomy of physical therapists is both a career advancement issue and a strategic necessity for public health and healthcare sustainability.