理想的幻灭与重塑：关于柯亨平等与共同体原则的阐释与反思

The Disillusionment and Reconstruction of Ideals: An Interpretation and Reflection on G.A. Cohen’s Principles of Equality and Community

With the collapse of the socialist systems in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and new changes in the situation of capitalist countries, some Marxists have become worried about the future and destiny of socialist development. As a representative of Anglo-American analytical Marxism, G.A. Cohen first criticized the two inevitable trends in the historical development of socialism held by traditional Marxists, highlighted the key role of “morality” in this process, and emphasized the establishment of socialist value norms. By presupposing the ideal “camping trip” model, he proposed the principles of equality and community contained within it, and used this as a new socialist program to defend the desirability and feasibility of socialism. Although Cohen’s program has shortcomings, it still provides important contemporary enlightenment for the construction and development of the socialist system.

随着苏东社会主义制度的解体和资本主义国家形势的新变化，部分马克思主义者对社会主义发展的前途命运产生担忧。作为英美分析马克思主义的代表，G.A.柯亨首先通过对传统马克思主义者所认为的社会主义历史发展的两个必然趋势提出批判，并凸显“道德”在其中的关键作用，强调确立社会主义的价值规范。他通过预设理想的“野营旅行”模式，提出其中蕴含的平等与共同体原则，并以此作为社会主义新方案，为社会主义的可欲性与可行性进行辩护。尽管柯亨的方案存在不足，但仍为建设和发展社会主义制度提供了重要的当代启示。