On the Principle of Self-Reflexivity: As a Fundamental Method of Historical Materialism

论作为历史唯物主义基本方法的自反性原则

Self-Reflexivity constitutes a fundamental methodological principle of historical materialism, serving both as the medium for “disenchanting” objects and ideas, and as the immanent driving force for the theory’s own development and continuous advancement. In Hegel’s framework, the principle of self-reflexivity manifests through spiritual movement as a process of reflection and cultivation (Bildung), achieving expansion toward universality. In Marx’s approach, by actively applying it to metaphysical critique and the analysis of the structure of social relations, self-reflexivity undergoes a transformation from speculative and formal universality to practical and concrete universality. Whether in ideological critique, proletarian revolution, or the sustained advancement of proletarian political power, their continued existence and development must be through the dynamic process of self-reflexivity.

自反性是历史唯物主义的基本方法论原则，既作为对对象和观念之“祛魅”的中介，也是其理论自身发展、不断进步的内在动力。在黑格尔那里，自反性原则以精神运动形式展现为反思与教化过程，并实现了向普遍性的扩展；而在马克思那里，通过将其能动地运用在形而上学批判和社会关系结构分析之中，实现了由思辨性和形式普遍性向实践性和现实普遍性之转化。无论是意识形态批判、无产阶级革命还是无产阶级政权的行稳致远，都须以自反性的运动过程实现其持存与发展。