BIM 중심 설계 업무의 단계별 생산성 및 ROI 분석 연구 - 소규모 설계사무소를 중심으로

Productivity and ROI Analysis by Design Phase based on BIM : Case Study on Small-Scale Design Offices

Although the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly emphasized due to the growing complexity and scale of the construction industry, the global and domestic use of BIM remains largely focused on regulatory compliance through transitional implementation. While economic factors are the primary barriers, clear benefits of BIM adoption have been identified, particularly for small-scale architectural firms in Korea. This study analyzes 26 case projects located within the same public housing district to quantitatively assess productivity and return on investment (ROI) across different design phases—schematic design (SD), design development (DD), and construction documentation (CD). Labor productivity was compared between 2D-based and BIM-based design approaches based on unit area cost. Additionally, ROI was calculated using a proposed phase-specific ROI formula to analyze (1) the ROI difference between 2D and BIM-based design and (2) changes in ROI relative to the number of years since BIM adoption. The findings indicate that BIM-based design exhibits lower productivity in early phases due to front-loaded tasks, but productivity consistently improves as the design phases progress, supported by increased data connectivity. While ROI remains negative during SD and DD, it shows a significant increase in the CD phase. Moreover, firms with longer BIM experience demonstrated higher and more stable ROI. This study contributes by presenting a practical phase-based ROI measurement method and providing quantitative indicators that clarify the value of BIM implementation in the design phase. The research concludes with a discussion of its implications and suggestions for future study.