일본 식민기의 근대 약학교육과 여성

Modern Pharmacy Education and Women in Korea During the Japanese Colonial Period

This study concerns Korean women who studied modern pharmacy during the Japanese colonial period (1918~1945) in either Korea or Japan. The Joseon Pharmacy School (JPS) founded in 1918 was the only higher institution for both gender (man and woman) of Korean and Japanese on the Korea Peninsula at the time. JPS originally a two-year program, was extended to three years in 1924. Up to 1932, 104 women including 16 Korean graduated and those of the 3-year program automatically earned a Joseon pharmacist license, although it was only valid within Korea. In 1930, JPS was promoted to Gyeongseong Pharmacy School and its admission rules were slightly modified only for men, so women ought to study abroad in Japan. From 1932 to 1945, ca. 90 Korean women earned pharmacy degrees from various woman’s pharmacy schools in Japan and obtained a Japan pharmacist license. Those certified pharmacists were able to work in fields such as hospital pharmacies, drugstores, pharmaceutical wholesale, research institute, etc. throughout Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Manchuria. Whether trained through Korea’s two- or three-year pharmacy curricula or at women’s pharmacy schools in Japan, these pioneering women pharmacists have advanced public health and social progress, although there seemed to be some differences in their activities. Further research on the female pharmacists based upon more data is needed to deepen our understanding of them who have contributed to the history of modern pharmacy in Korea.