Comparative study on lateral maxillary sinus augmentation of without grafting, particle bone grafting and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2+absorbable collagen sponge grafting with simultaneous dental implant placement: a retrospective study

Objectives: To compare the clinical and radiographic results of three approaches—involving particulate bone graft, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)+absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), and no graft material—for lateral maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous dental implant placement. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to June 2021, a retrospective analysis was performed on 63 patients (a total of 122 implants) who underwent lateral maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University Hospital. The patients were classified into three groups: no bone graft (n=46), particulate bone graft (n=44), and rhBMP-2+ACS graft material (n=32) groups. Panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography images taken before and after surgery were used to evaluate the residual bone height (RBH), postoperative bone height (POBH), bone density, and type of bone formation at the apex of the implant (BT). Additionally, the implant survival rates and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: The 1-year implant survival rate was similar across all three groups, exceeding 95%. The particulate bone graft group demonstrated the best clinical outcomes in terms of POBH and bone density, as well as the most active bone formation at the BT. The incidence of complications did not differ significantly among the three groups. Conclusion: Although particulate bone graft was effective for bone formation and space maintenance, no significant differences were observed in the implant survival rate or complications compared with the other methods. The sinus augmentation outcomes did not vary considerably regardless of the type of bone graft material used.