脱离历史过程性的革命潜能——对本雅明单子化历史观的唯物史观考察

Revolutionary Potential Detached from Historical Processes: A Materialist Examination of Benjamin’s Monadic View of History

Benjamin formed the monadic view of history with the problem of liberating the revolutionary potential. By proposing the concept of historical monads, he constructed a historical landscape different from the linear progressive view of history, revealing the inherent faults, mutations, and uniqueness of historical events. He emphasized the revolutionary opportunities contained in each moment and the direct call for current revolutionary practice, which helps us understand the important role of historical qualitative changes beyond the status quo and the practical activities of historical subjects at historical junctures. But Benjamin abandoned the continuity and process of history when criticizing the linear progress viewpoint, lost the dimension of historicity, and thus was unable to grasp the rich content of history, and was unable to touch on objective historical conditions when facing concrete practice. Based on the basic viewpoint of historical materialism on objective historical processes, only by understanding the complexity of history and the creativity of historical subjects based on the process of history can we comprehensively grasp the synergy and diverse contradictions and conflicts of history, effectively activate the current revolutionary potential in concrete practice, and achieve true historical change.

本雅明以解放革命潜能为主题形成了单子化历史观，通过提出历史单子的概念建构了不同于线性进步史观的历史图景，揭示了历史事件内在的断裂突变与独特性，强调每个瞬间蕴含的革命契机以及对当下革命实践的直接号召。本雅明的历史观有助于我们理解超越现状的历史质变和历史主体的实践活动在历史关节点的重要作用。然而，本雅明在批判线性进步观点时抛弃了历史的连续性和过程性，其历史观缺失了历史性维度，因而无力把握历史的丰富内容，并在面向具体的实践时无法触及客观历史现实。立足历史唯物主义关于社会历史发展进程的基本观点，以历史的过程性为基石理解历史的复杂性和历史主体的创造性，才能全面把握历史的合力与多样的矛盾冲突，从而在具体实践中有效激活当下的革命潜能，实现真正的历史变革。