핵심광물의 안정적 공급망 구축을 위한 몽골 ODA 사업전략

Mongolia-Korea ODA Strategy for Critical Mineral Supply Chain Security

This study explores a supply chain Official Development Assistance (ODA) strategy for Mongolia to enhance South Korea’s resource security amidst global supply chain restructuring and intensifying competition for critical minerals. With a critical mineral import dependency exceeding 99.7%, South Korea is highly vulnerable to supply disruptions. Mongolia, possessing abundant undeveloped critical mineral reserves and maintaining friendly bilateral relations, is identified as an optimal partner for diversifying South Korea’s supply chain. This research analyzes the concept and current status of supply chain ODA, identifying key challenges in Mongolia’s mineral sector, including infrastructure deficits, insufficient technological and human resource capacities, and opaque governance. It comprehensively examines the necessity of South Korea’s ODA to address these challenges and proposes a multi-stage ODA strategy framework, encompassing short-term (2025-2027), medium-term (2028-2030), and long-term visions. The proposed strategy includes infrastructure development, capacity building and technology transfer, enhancement of governance and sustainability, and promotion of innovative financing and public-private partnerships. Ultimately, this ODA is expected to foster a mutually beneficial partnership, simultaneously stabilizing South Korea’s critical mineral supply chain and supporting Mongolia’s sustainable development.