인적자본이 수출 성과에 미치는 영향 분석: 남녀 성별 격차를 중심으로

Analyzing the Impact of Human Capital on Export Performance: The Gender Gap Perspective

Purpose - This study empirically examines the impact of gender inequality in human capital on export performance across ten major East Asian countries, focusing on how reducing gender disparities in education and income influences export outcomes. Design/Methodology/Approach - The analysis employs panel data using the Human Development Index, Gender Development Index, and Gender Inequality Index as explanatory variables. Dependent variables include the share of medium- and high-tech exports in manufacturing and the export-to-GDP ratio. Panel unit root and cointegration tests confirm long-term relationships. Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Error Correction Models are applied to estimate both short- and long-term effects. Findings - The results demonstrate that human capital is a critical determinant of export performance in East Asia. DOLS results showed that reducing gender disparities positively impacts export performance, with GDI stronger than GII in significance and explanatory power, highlighting the importance of policies to narrow gender gaps in education for boosting high-tech manufacturing exports. ECM results confirmed long-term equilibrium relationships with significant negative error correction terms, indicating a steady adjustment to equilibrium. However, short-term effects were insignificant due to the time lag in reflecting human capital and gender equality improvements. Research Implications - Beyond accumulation, achieving gender-equitable human capital formation is crucial for export competitiveness and long-term economic growth.. Policymakers need to prioritize reducing gender disparities in educational attainment and economic participation, ensuring equal opportunities for women in both domains.