소아 청소년의 일주기 유형이 인터넷/스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 : 충동성과 공격성의 매개효과를 중심으로

Chronotype and Smartphone Addiction in Children and Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Impulsivity and Aggression

Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between circadian type and Internet/smartphone addiction in children and adolescents, focusing on the mediating effects of impulsivity and aggression. Methods Data were obtained from “A Cohort study of internet/game/smartphone user, National Center for Mental Health”. Total of 193 participants were recruited, but after excluding incomplete responses, 148 participants were analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires including the Korean translation of the composite scale of morningness (KTCS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (S scale), and Korean Scale for Internet Addiction for Adolescents (K scale). Finally, data from 148 participants were analyzed to examine the relationship between chronotype and Internet/smartphone addiction, with impulsivity and aggression as mediators of these relations. Results KTCS scores were negatively correlated with BIS-11 (r = -0.429, p < 0.001), AQ (r = -0.244, p = 0.003), SAS-SV (r = -0.296, p < 0.001), and S scale (r = -0.280, p < 0.001) scores. Mediation analysis showed that impulsivity fully mediated the relationship between circadian type and smartphone addiction (SAS-SV: β = 0.409, p < 0.001; S scale: β = 0.405, p < 0.001), while aggression partially mediated this relationship (SAS-SV: β = 0.302, p < 0.001; S scale: β = 0.303, p < 0.001). Conclusion Eveningness is closely linked to Internet and smartphone addiction through increased impulsivity and aggression. Addressing sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, impulsivity, and aggression may improve interventions to reduce addiction among children and adolescents.