한국어 증거성과 근문의 화행ㆍ통사 구조 형상

A Configuration of The Discourse-Syntax Construction of Korean Root Sentences with Evidentiality

This paper proposes a speech-act syntactic structure of Korean root clauses that can represent the syntactic effects of discourse elements, including discourse participants. In generative grammar, CP is considered the maximal projection of a single functional head C, performing only the syntactic function of indicating the clause type of a sentence. However, in Korean root clauses, final endings can represent the syntactic operations of both the speaker and the listener. Additionally, epistemic pre-final endings such as -keyss- and -te-, which are on the same level as English modal auxiliaries like may and must, also function as grammatical agents related to the speaker, thereby serving a speech-act function. To establish a syntactic structure that can represent the syntactic status of speech-act elements in Korean root clauses, the semantic layers of the sentence and their syntactic hierarchy are mapped. TP corresponds to the event layer, and CP corresponds to the propositional layer. Notably, the pre-final endings -keyss- and -te-, which are positioned between TP and CP, are reorganized within CP. To accurately represent the syntactic functions of the speaker, listener, and perceiver, the highest node of the Split-CP structure, forceP, is further subdivided. Within forceP, not only the syntactic positions of the speaker and listener are represented, but also that of the perceiver, who is in a ‘logophoric relation’ with them. Ultimately, forceP-as an expanded structure of CP-can express the discourse participants’ epistemic stance and truth evaluation regarding the TP-level event.