汉字文化圈视阈下汉字词学习的优势与障碍分析 ——以韩国为例

An Analysis of the Advantages and Obstacles in Learning Chinese Character-Based Vocabulary from the Perspective of the Sinosphere : A Case Study of Korea

International Chinese language education within the context of the Chinese character cultural sphere holds both strategic and practical value. In this regard, by focusing on Korean learners and tracing the etymological origins of Chinese characters and their historical influence on the Korean language, a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the Chinese and Korean lexical systems across monosyllabic, disyllabic, and polysyllabic words, as well as native, Chinese character-based, and loanword categories, reveals the following: Korean learners can leverage shared Confucian cultural origins, the positive transfer of Hanzi word forms, sounds, and meanings in Korean, the adaptability of Hanzi words to grammatical structures, and the correspondence between Korean and Chinese vowels to gain significant cognitive advantages, achieving efficient connections between “character form-semantics-pronunciation.”However, modern linguistic differences, homophones, phonological systems, and societal “de-Sinicization” policies can easily induce negative transfer and weaken learning motivation. Based on this, the article proposes a four-dimensional teaching strategy encompassing cultural-linguistic integration, digital resources, contextdriven tasks, and policy coordination to enhance the acquisition pathways of Chinese character-based words, expand international understanding within the Chinese cultural community, and provide references and paradigm updates for international Chinese language education within the Chinese cultural sphere.

汉字文化圈视阈下的国际汉语教学兼具战略性及实践价值。对此，以韩国学习者为对 象，追溯汉字词源起及其对韩语的历时渗透，对中韩词汇系统在单、双、多音节与固有、 汉字、外来词类型上的异同比较发现：韩国学习者凭着共享儒家文化同源性、韩语汉字词 形音义正迁移、汉字词语法化适配性，以及韩汉元音对应关系，可获得显著认知优势，实 现“字形-语义-语音”高效联结。然而现代语言差异、同形异义、语音系统及社会“去汉 字化”政策，易诱发负迁移并削弱学习动机。基于此，文章提出文化-语言融合、数字化 资源、情境任务驱动与政策协同四维教学策略以期提升汉字词习得路径，拓展汉字文化共 同体之国际理解，为汉字文化圈视阈下的国际汉语教育提供参照与范式更新。