Building a Legal Framework for Regulating Rural Land Circulation Prices in China to Ensure Food Security

粮食安全视角下中国农村土地流转价格调控的法律框架构建

This paper examines the regulatory positioning of legal institutions governing land circulation prices from a food security perspective, aiming to clarify the scope of legal adjustment and provide legislative recommendations for the transfer of land management rights. Using normative analysis and institutional objective analysis, the research reveals several critical issues: epistemologically, the legal basis for price regulation remains ambiguous, undermining effective implementation; ontologically, the definition and theoretical consensus on land circulation prices are lacking; axiologically, there is an insufficient balance between grain production and farmers' interests, as well as inadequate incentive effects. While land circulation embodies both economic value and social value related to food security, the current market-dominated regulatory framework fails to adequately address long-term food security needs. On this basis, the study proposes that a legally sound regulatory system should include a compensation mechanism to stabilize grain production and an incentive mechanism to promote sustainable agricultural development. Specifically, we recommend three measures: first, establishing price intervals and a price circuit-breaker mechanism to address the socialization of land income within rent theory, transforming land value increment from private monopoly to public sharing; second, constructing a multi-stakeholder collaboration system to dynamically balance productivity and factor mobility; third, developing a supervisory framework to ensure the scientific and rational operation of the land circulation pricing mechanism. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical advancement of land circulation policy by integrating food security objectives into legal design for price regulation.

该研究基于粮食安全视角，探讨土地流转价格的法律规制定位，旨在厘清法律调整的边界。通过规范分析与制度目标分析相结合的研究方法，指出当前存在以下问题：在认识论层面，价格调控的法律依据尚不明确，影响政策执行效力；在理论层面，土地流转价格的概念界定与学理共识仍有缺失；在价值论层面，粮食生产与农民收益之间缺乏有效平衡，相关激励机制明显不足。尽管土地流转兼具经济价值与粮食安全相关的社会价值，但当前以市场为主导的规制模式仍难以充分保障长期粮食安全需求。为此，研究提出应构建包含粮食生产补偿机制与农业可持续发展激励机制的法律规制体系。具体建议包括：在租金理论框架下设立价格区间与熔断机制，推动土地收益由私人垄断逐步转向社会共享；建立多元主体协同机制，实现生产力与要素流动之间的动态平衡；完善监管架构，确保土地流转价格机制的科学性与合理性。该研究通过将粮食安全目标嵌入法律设计，为土地流转政策在理论与实践层面的进一步发展提供了有益参考。