Reconstruction of the Judicial Recognition Path of 'Significant Losses' in the Crime of Illegal Operation of Similar Business: Based on the Two-Tier Legal Interest Theory From the Perspective of Private Enterprises

非法经营同类营业罪“重大损失”的司法认定路径重构：基于民营企业视域的双层法益理论展开

After the Criminal Law Amendment (XII) extended the protection scope of the crime of illegal operation of similar business to private enterprises, the judicial recognition of its “significant losses” faced the dual difficulties of unclear normative interpretation and lack of measurement rules. To this end, it is necessary to reconstruct its recognition path based on the two-tier legal interest theory, that is, the management order of companies and enterprises is the barrier layer legal interest, and property interests are the underlying layer legal interests. In terms of normative interpretation, it is necessary to combine the illegality of the behavior, the illegality of the result, and the causal relationship for hierarchical recognition. In terms of measurement rules, it is necessary to reshape the comprehensive recognition method, advocate the priority of “interest loss method”, combine case type analysis, and flexibly select auxiliary methods such as “business value method” and “illegal profit method” to form a dynamic comprehensive recognition model that takes into account both legal interest protection and judicial practicality.

《刑法修正案（十二）》将非法经营同类营业罪的保护范围扩展至民营企业后，其“重大损失”的司法认定面临规范解释不明与计量规则缺失的双重难题。为了解决此类难题，为相关司法认定操作提供借鉴，需基于双层法益理论重构其认定路径，即以公司、企业的管理秩序为阻挡层法益，财产利益为背后层法益。在规范解释上，需结合行为不法性、结果不法性、因果关系进行层次化认定。在计量规则上，需重塑综合认定法，主张以“利益损失法”优先，结合案件类型化分析，灵活选用“业务价值法”“非法获利法”等辅助方法，形成兼顾法益保护与司法实操性的动态综合认定模式。