19 世纪英法文学与马克思主义文艺思想国外研究综述

A Review of Foreign Studies on 19th-Century British and French Literature and Marxist Literary Thought

This paper systematically sorts out the relationship between 19th-century British and French literature and Marxist literary thought, with a focus on exploring the interaction between Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism and Marxist literary theory. The study shows that Marx and Engels were deeply influenced by Romanticism in their youth and highly praised poets such as Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. In the field of Realist literature, they highly appreciated the spirit of social criticism embodied in the works of writers like Charles Dickens and Honoré de Balzac. Regarding Naturalist literature, Marxist critics in different periods held varying views on Émile Zola and other Naturalist writers, but generally affirmed their historical value. The paper points out that existing studies still have shortcomings in terms of systematicness, exploration of two-way influence, and restoration of the contextual background of theoretical formation. It further proposes that future research should deepen the study of the relationship between 19th-century British and French literature and Marxist literary thought from a holistic perspective, so as to promote the contemporary development of Marxist literary theory and contribute to the construction of a literary theory system with Chinese characteristics.

本文系统梳理了19 世纪英法文学与马克思主义文艺思想之间的关系，重点探讨了浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义文学与马克思主义文艺理论的互动。研究表明，马克思、恩格斯在青年时期深受浪漫主义影响，对拜伦、雪莱等诗人给予高度评价；在现实主义文学领域，他们推崇狄更斯、巴尔扎克等作家的社会批判精神；对于自然主义文学，不同时期的马克思主义批评家对左拉等人的评价存在差异，但总体肯定其历史价值。文章指出，现有研究在系统性、双向影响探讨及理论形成语境还原方面仍有不足，并提出未来应从整体视角深化英法文学与马克思主义文艺思想的关系研究，以推动马克思主义文艺理论的当代发展，促进有中国特色文艺理论体系的建设。