生态翻译学视域下诗歌的汉译研究——以济慈《夜莺颂》为例

A Study on the Chinese Translation of Poetry from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology: A Case Study of Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale

This paper investigates the Chinese translation of John Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale within the framework of Eco-translatology, focusing on the translator’s adaptive selections in the linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. The study first outlines the artistic features and translational challenges of the poem, which is characterized by complex imagery, distinctive rhythm, and strong emotional tension. A comparative analysis of two representative Chinese translations, by Yang Deyu and Zha Liangzheng, reveals different strategies of adaptation and selection: in the linguistic dimension, some translations prioritize the reproduction of rhythm while others emphasize semantic accuracy; in the cultural dimension, translators vary between domestication and foreignization; in the communicative dimension, certain versions highlight emotional resonance with Chinese readers, while others retain a more rational and objective tone. The findings suggest that the Chinese translation of Ode to a Nightingale is not merely a linguistic transfer but a dynamic balancing act shaped by the translator’s subjectivity within the translational eco-environment. This research not only deepens the understanding of Keats’s poetry in the Chinese context but also offers methodological insights into the translation of Romantic poetry from the perspective of Eco-translatology.

本文以济慈《夜莺颂》的汉译为研究对象，借助生态翻译学的“译者适应选择论”，探讨诗歌翻译在语言、文化与交际三维度上的动态调适机制。研究首先回顾了《夜莺颂》的艺术特征与翻译难点，指出该诗意象繁复、节奏独特、情感张力强，给汉译带来多重挑战。继而选取杨德豫与查良铮（穆旦）的译本进行对比分析，发现译者在处理神话意象、节奏语言与情感表达时，分别采取了不同的适应与选择策略：在语言维度上，有的译文注重节奏的再现，有的则偏重语义的直达；在文化维度上，存在“归化”与“异化”的不同取向；在交际维度上，部分译文强调亲切感以激发共鸣，部分则保持理性与客观。研究表明，《夜莺颂》的汉译不是单纯的语言转写，而是译者在复杂翻译生态环境中进行动态平衡的结果。本文的分析不仅深化了对济慈诗歌汉译的理解，也为浪漫主义诗歌翻译提供了生态翻译学视域下的方法论启示。