双重压迫与内在因素——《推销员之死》中威利悲剧的多维解读

Dual Oppression and Internal Factors: A Multidimensional Interpretation of Willy’s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman portrays the tragic fate of Willy Loman, a marginalized individual struggling within the constraints of his time. Through sophisticated narrative techniques, Miller reveals the suffering and resistance of ordinary people, evoking deep audience empathy. Willy’s tragedy embodies the disillusionment of countless ordinary Americans who pursue the American Dream under a capitalist system; it is also a tragedy of men striving to meet familial and societal expectations under patriarchal pressure, and ultimately a tragedy of an entire era. This paper examines the causes of Willy’s tragedy through the dual lens of external oppression and internal factors, demonstrating that his downfall results not from a single cause but from the intersection of multiple forces. The study argues that the combined impact of capitalism, patriarchy, and Willy’s own cognitive and behavioral patterns contributes to his tragic destiny.

阿瑟·米勒的《推销员之死》讲述了主人公威利在其时代背景下的悲剧命运。作者以高超的写作技法，展现小人物的痛苦与挣扎，引发读者共鸣。威利的悲剧是资本主义制度下苦苦追求美国梦的万千普通民众的悲剧，是父权制下竭力达到家庭与社会要求的男性的悲剧，更是整个时代的悲剧。本文通过外部压迫和内部因素两个方面对威利的悲剧成因进行深入分析，旨在使读者清晰地认识到威利的悲剧命运并非由单一因素所导致而是多重因素综合作用的结果。研究认为，资本主义制度和父权制的双重压迫以及威利自身的行为认知方式共同促成了威利的悲剧命运。