Merleau-Ponty의 ‘몸’ 현상학을 통해 본 유아의 그림책 읽기

Reading Children's Picture Books from the perspective of Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Body

본 연구는 새로운 지역정당의 활동을 경험한 민주국가와 「정당법」으로 지역정당의 설립자체가 법적으로 금지된 한국 간 비교를 통해 지역정당의 활성화를 위한 조건 및 방향 등을 확인한다. 우선 정당정치가 발전한 민주국가 내에서 정당법을 제정하는 국가는 증가하고 있으나 지역정당 등록을 제한하는 경우는 없다. 정당 개념을 아예 지구당에 두고 있는국가(독일)부터 지역정당 설립에 대한 실질적 제한이 없는 국가(네덜란드, 스페인), 제약이있더라도 전국-광역 수준 선거가 아닌 기초단위 선거에 정당으로서 참여하는 것에 관한 규정은 최소화하고 있는 국가(영국, 일본)가 있을 뿐이다. 제도적으로는 다수제보다는 비례대표제가 공고화된 국가에서 지역정당이 활성화될 가능성이 컸다. 한국에서 지역정당 설립의주된 반대 근거는 지역정당이 지역의 이익만을 추구함으로써 지역주의가 심화하리라는 우려인데, 1990년대 이후 독립적 지역정당이 가장 활성화된 네덜란드 사례에 따르면, 지역정당 설립에 따른 지역주의 심화의 증거는 찾기 어렵다. 다만, 기존 정당에 대한 반감은 반기득권 정서, 나아가 포퓰리즘과 연결될 수 있다. 반면, 지역정당이 전국적 극우정당과는 대체재적 관계에 있음을 보여주는 독일사례로부터 지역정당의 활성화의 또 다른 긍정적인역할을 유추할 수 있었다. 이처럼 해외사례 비교연구 결과는 한국 민주주의의 취약점인 실질적 지방분권과 참여 민주주의의 증진을 위한 방안으로 전국정당(중앙당)과의 연계가 강한 지구당을 허용하는 것을 넘어 독립적 지역정당 설립 규제 폐지까지 나아가야 한다는 함의를 제공한다

The purpose of this study is to understand the unique body of childrens revealed in picture book reading through Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology and to explore its meaning. To this end, 20 children from daycare center B located in S-si, Gyeonggi-do were participated in observation. For the data, video recording transcripts, observation and research diaries, and interview transcripts were collected. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted through the inductive process of transcription, categorization (coding), and a step of giving meaning (discovering topics), which are general analysis processes of qualitative research. The results of the study are as follows. First, in reading picture books, children's revealed their activity as a subject that constitutes meaning through 'body of discovery and interpretation', 'body of resistance and conflict', and 'body of connection and interlink'. Second, children's revealed their historical nature in 'reading picture books', bringing their experiences into picture books, and bringing picture books into children's living and play, showing a dynamic that hang between picture books and living worlds. This study is meaningful in that it was intended to encourage active reading of picture books through children's 'body' by understanding the meaning of children's 'body' revealed in reading picture books through Merleau-Ponty's body phenomenology, and to broaden the horizon of understanding of children by respecting the historical nature of individual children. This study examines the prerequisites and prospects for invigorating local parties by juxtaposing the situation in South Korea, where the formation of local political entities is inhibited by the Political Parties Act, against that in democracies with a history of independent local party activities. In democracies with matured party politics, there is a growing trend of enacting political party legislation. However, there laws do not impede the registration of local parties. The study spans a spectrum of models, from Germany, where the political party concept is based at the municipal level, to countries like Netherlands and Spain, which show minimal constraints on local party registration. In contrast, countries like the United Kingdom and Japan impose minimal regulations, primarily concerning political participation in municipal elections as opposed to national or regional contests. The study reveals that independent local parties are institutionally more viable in nations with an established proportional representation system rather than a mojority system. A significant concern in South Korea regarding independent local parties is the potential for heightened regionalism, focusing on local rather than national interests. However, the Dutch experience, with active local parties since the 1990s, shows no substantial increase in regionalism. This situation contrasts with the rise of anti-establishment and populist sentiments linked to dissatisfaction with existing parties. The German example, where local parties serve as alternatives to extreme right-wing groups, suggests the positive role of local parties in democracy. This study concludes that lifting restrictions on the registration of independent local parties in South Korea is essential. It argues that district parties tied to national politics are inadequate for promoting true decentralization and participatory democracy, which are vital for addressing the weaknesses in South Korean democratic structures.