석탄 화력발전소 주변 지역 초미세먼지 및 구성화학종 분포 특성 - 메타분석 및 실측 결과 중심으로

Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 and Associated Chemical Species around Coal-Fired Power Plants: Meta-Analysis and Field Measurements

Background: The areas around coal-fired power plants are among the most vulnerable to air pollution. As of 2022, they had recorded some of the highest levels of air pollutant emissions. However, the lack of directly measured environmental pollution data poses significant challenges to establishing a systematic framework for environmental improvement. Objectives: This study aims to establish baseline data on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of air pollutants from coal-fired power plants in South Korea. Methods: Measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical components were conducted near coal-fired power plants in South Korea from January to December 2021. To overcome the constraints of the field data and to acquire more generalizable insights, a systematic literature review was conducted to select relevant studies on coal- fired power plants published after 2010, which were then synthesized using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 24 studies primarily addressed particulate matter (79%), gaseous substances (29%), carbon components (17%), ions (8%), elemental components (25%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 21%), and others (8%). From nine studies, the pooled average concentrations were as follows: PM2.5 13.25 µg/m3; organic carbon (OC) 3.28 µg/m3; elemental carbon (EC) 0.58 µg/m3; Cl 2.10 µg/m3; NO3- 1.16 µg/m3; SO42– 2.10 µg/m3; NH4+ 0.53 µg/m3; K+ 0.16 µg/m3; Na+ 0.57 µg/m3; Ca²+ 0.46 µg/m3; Mg2+ 0.11 µg/m3; Al 0.2409 µg/m3; Cr 0.1506 µg/m3; Cu 0.0076 µg/m3; Fe 0.2811 µg/m3; Mn 0.0048 µg/m3; Ni 0.0066 µg/m3; Pb 0.2553 µg/m3; Ti 0.0111 µg/m3; Zn 3.0713 µg/m3. Conclusions: The results from domestic coal-fired power plants showed relatively high concentrations of PM2.5, OC, NO3 – , SO42–, K+, NH 4 + , Al, Cu, Mn, and Ti, whereas EC, Cl–, Ca2+, Na+, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were relatively low.