Climate Risk Governance and Crisis Preparedness: Evaluating National Adaptation Plans in Developing Countries

This research aims to evaluate the quality of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) in developing countries in order to propose strategic directions for strengthening climate resilience. The study first developed nine resilient adaptation principles, grounded in international climate policy, to serve as a framework for the NAP evaluation. Then evaluation indicators were developed based on documents from international organizations and prior academic studies. A total of 54 NAPs from developing countries submitted to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were assessed. Results indicate that while institutional cooperation and stakeholder engagement are relatively strong, many NAPs lack both clearly defined goals and robust systems for monitoring and evaluation on plan progress. Although environmental measures are widely addressed, social and economic aspects, particularly gender equality and climate finance remain underdeveloped. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive NAP that reflects resilient adaptation principles and highlights the importance of enhancing technical and financial support from the international community.