The Effects of Resistance Exercise Interventions on Patients with Chronic Nonspecific LBP: A Systematic Review

Purpose: This study comprehensively analyzes the effects of various resistance exercise interventions for patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain (CNSLBP), based on recent research. The study aims to provide scientific evidence on pain reduction, functional recovery, and muscular strength improvements to support the development of effective, evidence-based clinical guidelines for rehabilitation. Methods: A comprehensive search of major academic databases identified international and domestic literature published between 2007 and 2024. Following a screening and eligibility review, 17 studies were selected for final analysis, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative experimental studies, and prospective observational designs. As a litrature review, a formal risk of bias assessment for the included studies was not performed. Results: The synthesis of evidence revealed that resistance exercise consistently demonstrated clear benefits for pain relief and functional recovery. Significant improvements were observed in clinical indicators like the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Additional findings highlighted positive changes in objective musculoskeletal markers, including lumbar extension strength, cross-sectional area of the multifidus and abdominal muscles, and overall balance. Notably, resistance exercise was more effective in enhancing muscular function than stretching or physical therapy and produced synergistic effects when combined with core or gluteal strengthening. Conclusion: Resistance exercise is an effective central intervention for CNSLBP rehabilitation. Therefore, tailored, progressive, and well-balanced resistance training programs should be actively prescribed in clinical practice as a core strategy to alleviate pain, restore function, and reduce the likelihood of recurrence.