Ethics of Leisure Sports Programs for the MZ Generation, Ensuring Autonomy and Participants' Rights

Purpose: Leisure sports programs play an essential role in promoting physical fitness, socialization, and identity development, especially among Millennials and Generation Z (MZ). However, the ethical dimension of such programs has received limited attention, despite the growing risks of coercion, exclusion, and performance pressure. This study examines the ethics of leisure sports programs for the MZ generation, focusing on autonomy, informed consent, equity, and safeguarding well-being. Research design, data, and methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted under PRISMA guidelines, drawing from peer-reviewed studies between 2020 and 2025. Databases including Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar were searched with keywords such as “youth sport ethics,” “leisure sport autonomy,” and “MZ rights. Results: Four core ethical principles were identified: (1) respect for informed consent and open communication; (2) support for autonomy through choice and shared governance; (3) promotion of equity, inclusion, and non-discrimination; and (4) safeguarding participant well-being against coercion and overtraining. These principles align with the generational traits of MZ youth, who value independence, diversity. Conclusions: Incorporating transparency, inclusiveness, and participant-centered governance fosters trust and long-term engagement. By aligning with the values of MZ youth, ethically grounded leisure sports programs can enhance personal development, social equity, and well-being in contemporary society.