≪王力＜古代汉语＞注释汇考≫中“失职”的训释问题研究

Study on “Shizhi(失职)” in Annotations to Wang Li’s Ancient Chinese

Mr. Fu Jinbi and Mr. Mu Weizhen believed in the book Annotations to Wang Li’s Ancient Chinese(≪王力＜古代汉语＞注释汇考≫) that the word “Shizhi(失职)” in “Dawang Shizhi ru Hanzhong”(大王失职入汉中) was interpreted as “Shiqichangli(失其常理)”. We chose “Shizhi(失职)” as the key words and retrieved in the database of Chinese basic ancient books and Chinese Classics ancient books based on Shiji(≪史记≫) and Hanshu(≪汉书≫), summarized and analyzed the meaning of “Shizhi(失职)”. According to our analysis, there are many interpretations of “Shizhi(失职)”, and it is debatable to regard “Shiqichangli(失其常理)” as the only interpretation. Since the interpretation of “Shizhi(失职)” is directly related to the interpretation of “Zhi(职)”, we also further analyzed the interpretation of “Zhi(职)”. We chose “Zhi(职)” as the key words and retrieved in the database of Chinese basic ancient books and Chinese Classics ancient books based on Shiji(≪史记≫) and Hanshu(≪汉书≫), summarized and analyzed the meaning of “Zhi(职)”, refer to the meaning of “Zhi(职)” in the ancient Chinese reference book, briefly analyzed the evolution of the meaning of “Zhi(职)”, we emphasized that special attention should be paid to the determination of its specific meanings. Therefore, the interpretation of “Shizhi(失职)” can also be diversified. Furthermore, we argued that “Shizhi(失职)” is not the same as “Shisuo(失所)”.

富金壁，牟维珍两位先生在《王力<古代汉语>注释汇考》一书中认为“大王失职入汉中”的“失职”应训释为“失其常理”，我们通过《中国基本古籍库》和《中华经典古籍库》这两个数据库且选取关键词为“失职”进行穷尽式检索，并主要基于《史记》和《汉书》这两部著作，对“失职”进行义项的总结与分析，检索结果显示出“失职”的意义有多项，我们应根据具体语境来确定其意义，并且，我们通过《中华经典古籍库》检索《史记》含有中“职”的语句，并结合工具书中“职”的义项的梳理分析，从而归纳出“职”的义项有多项，也能够说明不能把“失职”的训释“唯一化”。