反義共現四字格成語詞類轉換現象及形成機制研究

Conversions in Four-character Idioms with Antonymy Co-Occurrence and Its Mechanism

The conversions in four-character idioms with combined antonymy co-occurrence are studied in the paper. Seven types of conversions are summarized: noun converted to gerund; noun to verb; adjective to noun; adjective to verb; verb to noun; verb to gerund; count word to predicate; count word to other uses. Besides, from the perspective of constructional coercion, the paper analyzes the mechanism of the conversions in four-character idioms with combined antonymy co-occurrence. It can be concluded that such conversions are restricted and affected by constructional coercion, lexical coercion, and inertia coercion. There are four types of constructional coercions: coercion of V-O construction, coercion of causative construction, coercion of conative construction, and coercion of S-P construction. Lexical coercions can be classified as coercion of adjective, verb, and auxiliary word coercion. And there are two types of inertia coercion, pre-inertia coercion and post-inertia coercion. Due to the influence of those three mechanisms of coercion and the interaction among them, the part of speech, meaning, and syntactic function of the morphemes in our-character idioms with combined antonymy co-occurrence would change, which can ease the semantic conflict between the construction and the morphemes in the idioms.

本文以發生詞類轉換的聯合型反義共現四字格成語爲研究對象，歸納總結出聯合型反義共現四字格成語具有：名詞轉換爲動詞、形容詞可轉換爲名詞、形容詞轉換爲動詞、動詞轉換爲名詞、動詞作狀語、數詞作謂語、數詞的其它用法，7種詞類轉換類型。構詞語義和語法功能發生了轉變。 同時，從構式壓制的視角對聯合型反義共現四字格成語中的詞類轉換現象的形成機制進行了分析，認爲其主要受到了構式壓制、詞彙壓制和慣性壓制三者的制約和影響。從構式壓制角度出發，又可分爲動賓構式壓制、致使構式壓制、意動句構式壓制，和主謂構式壓制四種。詞彙壓制的制約下又可分爲副詞壓制、動詞壓制、助詞壓制三種。慣性壓制又分爲慣性前壓制和慣性後壓制兩種制約機制。 在三大壓制機制的作用及互動下，聯合型反義共現四字格成語中構詞語素的詞性、語義、句法功能等方面均發生了變化，緩解了構式和構詞語素義間的語義沖突。