汉语“连NP都V”否定语义研究

A Study on Negative Semantics of Chinese “连NP都V”

“连” sentence is a common sentence pattern in Chinese. There are several forms of “连” sentence, among which “连NP都V” is the most commonly used. The main function of the “连” sentence is to make the other party trust the things or situations they describe via expressing extreme situations. For native speakers, the “连” sentence is frequently used as a very efficient expression. For foreign students, it is a sentence pattern difficult to master, let alone use flexibly. It has been observed that most foreign students choose ordinary descriptive sentences to express when they need to use “连” sentence, which greatly reduces the efficiency of expression. The main purpose of this paper is to help Chinese learners to better understand and use the “连” sentence by examining the semantic features of the “连” sentence. Through the research on a large number of corpora, this paper finds that in Chinese “连NP都V”, the structure of V is mainly in negative sentences such as ““不V”, “没V”, “V不了”, “V不起来” and etc; otherwise, although the sentences in an affirmative form, the predicate with negative semantics is mainly used. From the diachronic development of grammar and pragmatics, this paper studies and reveals the source of the negative semantic feature of “连” sentence. The research value of this paper lies in the detailed analysis of the semantic features of the “连” sentence, to fill the insufficient in-depth research on the semantic characteristics of the “连” sentence in the academic circle, and provide fundamental data and new angle for the “连” sentence research.

“连”字句是汉语常用句式，“连”字句有几种形式，“连NP都V”是其中最常用的。“连”字句的主要功能是通过对极端情况的表述，让对方对自己所描述的事情或状况感到信赖。对于母语者来说，“连”字句是一种十分高效的表达方式，因而被频繁使用。而对于外国学生来说，它却是一种难以掌握的句式，更不要说灵活运用了。据观察，大凡遇到需要使用“连”字句的时候，大多数外国学生会选择普通叙述句去表达，大大降低了表达效率。本文的主要目的就是通过对“连”字句语义特征的考察，帮助汉语习得者更好地去理解和运用“连”字句。 本文通过对大量的语料考察发现，汉语“连NP都V”句，V的结构形式主要为“不V”、“没V”、“V不了”、“V不起来”等否定句的形式，或者是虽然是肯定形式，但在谓语词汇选择上，主要使用那些有负面语义的词汇。本文从语法的历时发展以及语用两个方面，考察并揭示了“连”字句否定语义特征的来源。 本文的研究价值在于详细地分析了“连”字句的语义特征，并填补了学界对“连”字句否定义语义特征深度研究方面的不足，为“连”字句研究提供了基础资料和新的研究角度。