反義共現四字格成語的語義研究—以構詞語素为中心

An analysis of antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom—concentrating on word formation morpheme

This research attempts to analyze the semantic features of antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom. By selecting 1115 examples from ChengYu Da Cidian(Chinese Idiom Dictionary), the authors divided those idioms into two different types——associative idiom and non-associative idiom. According to the conclusion of this paper, associative antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom not only have the same grammatical structure, but also have antonyms or synonyms semantically. On the opposite, as for non-associative antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom, there is synonymy relationship between the two parts of the four-character idiom. To draw a conclusion, associative antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom has symmetry while non-associative antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom does not. Meanwhile, these findings provided us a corpus of antonymy co-occurrence four-character idiom.

本文以《成語大詞典》中收錄的1115個反義共現四字格成語為研究對象，把反義共現四字格成語分為聯合型和非聯合型兩種，並對其反義語素的分佈規律和內部構詞語素的語義搭配類型進行統計分析。結果表明，聯合型反義共現四字格成語前後兩部分不僅語法結構相同，而且在語義上也存在反義、同義或類義關係。與之相反，非聯合型反義共現四字格成語前後兩部分的語義並不存在反義、同義或類義關係，而是按照陳述、支配、修飾、順承、轉折等複雜的語義關係組合搭配成一個成語。聯合型反義共現四字格成語呈現出平衡對稱性；而非聯合型反義共現四字格成語則呈現出部分對稱性。