现代汉语“越X，越Y”构式中动词词汇语义制约条件研究

The Lexical Semantic Constraints on Verbs of “yue X, yue Y” Construction in Mandarin Chinese

“yue X, yue Y” construction is common in Mandarin Chinese and has received much attention. At present, scholars have made a lot of achievements in syntactic, semantic, diachronic research and cross-linguistic research. However, there is still a lack of research on the lexical semantic features of predicates in this construction and this part needs a full exploration. This paper bases itself on the theory of the interaction between construction meaning and lexical meaning and analyzes the semantic features of verbs behind “yue” in order to explore the lexical semantic constraints on “yue X, yue Y” construction. From a perspective of the quantitative property of verbs, this paper explores the constraints on lexical semantic features of predicates behind “yue” with methods of semantic analysis and formal standards, and validates them with quantitative statistics. The compatibility between the lexical semantic features of the predicates and the construction meaning is also explored in order to reveal the relationship between syntactic realization and lexical semantic projection of predicates on basis of linguistic facts. Through investigating on 1003 frequently-used verbs of Mandarin Chinese, it is found that the most important factor influencing verbs to occur behind “yue” is the [±telic] feature. The verbs with clear [+telic] feature cannot be used as predicates behind “yue”. The verbs with the [-telic] feature are able to act as predicates behind “yue”, and the more obvious the [-telic] feature is, the stronger ability they have to act as predicates behind “yue”. Other quantitative features of verbs such as repetition, space and property, or subjective and property degrees indicated by negative forms, complements and the [+count] property of the direct objects of verbs, also play roles in this process to some degree.

“越X，越Y”构式作为现代汉语的常见构式之一，一直备受学界关注。目前学界在句法、语义、历时研究、跨语言研究等方面都取得了一定的成果，但是对于该构式中谓词的词汇语义特征，研究薄弱，尚待进一步探究。针对前人的研究的不足，本文以构式意义和词汇意义的互动关系为理论基础，分析“越”后动词的语义特征，旨在探索“越X，越Y”构式中的词汇语义制约条件。 本文从动词的量性特征出发，采取语义分析结合形式标准的方法，探究“越”后谓词成分的词汇语义特征的制约条件，并结合定量统计进行验证，在全面考察1003个现代汉语常用动词的基础上，以语言事实为支撑探究该构式的词汇语义特征与其构式意义的相容性，揭示句法实现与谓词的词汇语义投射之间的关系。 经过研究，本文发现影响动词充当“越”后成分的最重要的因素是与时间量相关的终点确定性特征。具有明确的[+telic]特征的动词基本无法充当“越”后成分。具有[-telic]特征的动词可充当“越”后成分，[-telic]特征越明确，充当“越”后成分的能力越强，但总体都保持在较高水平。动词的其他量性特征如动作的反复量、空间量、性状程度量，动词否定式表达的主观量特征和性状程度量，以及动补成分和动词直接宾语的[+count]属性对动词短语终点确定性特征的影响，也会制约动词充当“越”后成分的能力。