汉韩汉字词规约化对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Conventionalization of Chinese vocabulary and Sino-Korean Vocabulary

Sino-Korean Vocabulary that accounts for a high proportion indicates the development of Chinese vocabulary. The differences between Chinese and Sino-Korean Vocabulary can be analyzed from the following aspects: first of all, the borrowed Sino-Korean Vocabularies are notional words that are reassigned based on the Korean morphology in terms of language contact. In word formation, most of them came down from phrases with few words in the form of cross-layer structure. Secondly, from the perspective of semantic evolution, the Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Sino-Korean Vocabulary are lower than that of Chinese. Furthermore, there are also differences in the development direction due to different ways of metaphor and metonymy. Thirdly, from the angle of word length, the proportion of one-character word in Sino-Korean Vocabulary is lower than that in Chinese while the proportion of three-character words is higher than that of Chinese, which is caused by the balance between economy and definiteness of language. The research can be helpful to grasp the rule of Chinese vocabulary development and also a continuation of Chinese characters culture.

韩语汉字词所占比重较高，是汉语词汇发展的重要参照。汉韩汉字词的规约化差异可从以下几个角度进行耙梳：首先从语言接触来看，借入韩语的汉字词为实词，并按照韩语词法重新赋值，在造词上大都是短语降格，少有跨层结构成词；其次从语义规约化上来看，韩语汉字词词汇化、语法化程度低于汉语，发展方向也因隐喻和转喻方式不同而存在差异；再次从词长规约来看，韩语汉字词一字词比重低于汉语，三字词比重高于汉语。这是语言经济性与明确性优选平衡的结果。此研究一方面有助于把握汉字词发展的规律，另一方面也是汉字文化的承续。