“这个/那个+VP”结构的特点 - 兼谈与“这么/那么+VP”的区别

Characteristics of the “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)+VP” structure

Based on the linguistic data of CCL corpus and BCC corpus, this paper analyzes the characteristics of “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)+VP” structure and finds the following characteristics. Firstly, the predicate components that can enter this structure are bare adjectives, bare verbs, fixed phrases, and for general, qualitative adjectives and psychological verbs. Secondly, “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)+VP” mainly means “high degree” and “exclamatory/evaluation”. Under the mechanisms of semantic persistence and subjectification, the original attributive-head structure is transformed into the adverbial-head structure, expanding its meaning from indicating “substance” to describing “degree”. Thirdly, “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)+VP” cannot be used in a subordinate clause, and is mainly accompanied by modal words that express exclamatory. Compared with “degree adverb+VP”, this structure is more subjective and colloquial. Fourth, the “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)+VP” structure cannot be used in interrogative sentences and negative sentences, and cannot be followed by an aspect mark nor can it be used as attributive or adverbial. The “zhème(这么)/nàme(那么)+VP” structure, however, is not subject to such restrictions. In addition, “zhège(这个)/nàge(那个)” is more subjective than “zhème(这么)/nàme(那么)”.

本文以CCL语料库和BCC语料库的语料为基础，对“这个/那个+VP”结构的特点进行研究后发现：第一，能进入此结构的谓词性成分是光杆形容词、光杆动词和固定短语，且一般为性质形容词与心理动词。第二，“这个/那个+VP”主要表示“程度高”义和“感叹/评价”，原本的定中结构在语义滞留、主观化等机制的作用下整体上转变为状中结构，语义上从原本指示“实体”扩展到描写“程度”。第三，“这个/那个+VP”使用上一般不能被包孕，主要附带感叹语气词。与“程度副词+VP”相比，此结构的主观性与口语性高一些。第四，“这个/那个+VP”结构不能用于疑问句和否定句，后边不能再加体标记，也不能做定语和状语，而“这么/那么+VP”结构没有受到此类限制。此外，“这个、那个”比“这么、那么”的主观性程度更高。