现代汉语位移动词“走”与“去”的认知对比研究 - 以“前往、离开”义为中心

A Contrastive Study on the Cognition of the Motion verbs ‘QU’ and ‘ZOU’

‘QU’ and ‘ZOU’ are two commonly used verbs in modern Chinese, they are used very frequently, and the basic semantics of the two words are relatively complicated. For Korean learners, part of the semantics of ‘QU’ and ‘ZOU’ are similar to Korean ‘ka-ta(가-다)’ has overlapping parts, many learners are confused when using it, and various errors will also occur in practical application. This paper mainly uses the relevant theories of cognitive linguistics to compare and analyze the similarities and differences of the place-moving words ‘QU, ZOU’ from the four elements of displacement events, such as moving body, displacement, path, reference body, and scanning method. The moving body of the two word is generally a living body, but some inanimate bodies, such as vehicles or machinery, can also be used as moving bodies. When ‘QU’ is used in the sense of ‘go;, its end point are generally clear, and when it is used in the sense of ’leave for‘, the end point is implicit. When ‘ZOU’ is used in the sense of ‘leaving’, the start point is exact, but the end point is not necessarily clear, and the emphasis is on the start point. When ‘ZOU’ is used in the sense of ‘moving’, the start point and end point may be implicit, but the focus is on the via and process. From the point of view of dynamic observation, ‘去’ is a SUMMARY scanning, regardless of whether the start point/end point is highlighted, the focus of its displacement meaning is whether it reaches the end point. However, the displacement pattern of ‘走’ is a SEQUENTIAL scanning , without highlighting the end point or goal, and the focus is on whether to leave the start point to start the next stage.

“去”和“走”是现代汉语两个常用的动词，使用频率非常高，而且二词的基本语义也比较复杂，对韩国学习者来说，“去”和“走”的部分语义和韩语“가다”有交叉、重合部分，很多韩国学习者在使用时会产生困惑，在实际应用中，也产生了各种偏误。本文主要从位移事件的四个要素动体、位移、路径、参照体等方面，对比分析了位移动词“去、走”的异同点。二词的动体一般是有生命体，但也有无生命体，如交通工具或机械等也可以作为动体。当“去”用作“前往”义时，其源点和终点一般是明确的，用作“离开”义时，终点可能是隐性的，但一定是明确存在的。而“走”作“离开”义或“移动”义时，源点是确切的，终点则不一定明确，侧重是源点或经由、过程。从位移和路径“去”和“走”都是一维线型的，一般来说是离开说话者所在的源点，准确表达的话是远离说话时所选择的参照点,。从动态的观察方式上来看，“去”是一个总括扫描，无论是否凸显源点／终点，其位移义的重点在于是否到达终点。而“走”的位移图式是顺序扫描，不凸显终点或目标，重点在于是否离开源点开始下一个阶段或过程。在实际应用中，除了其语法意义和结构外，还应该注意两者不同的认知方式。