‘예정 목표’에서 ‘도달 목표’까지의 환유적 추론 과정 - ‘往+NP+VP’ 구문을 중심으로

Metonymic inferencing process from intended goal to achieve the goal: A case study of wang Construction in mandarin Chinese

Some scholars have paid attention to the phenomenon that the preposition wang placed before a noun phrase can indicate the target and the goal of an action. However, most of them stop at describing the limited phenomena, without exhaustively analyzing the grammatical components of the wang construction or examining the correspondence between its grammatical components and its semantic function. Therefore, they cannot effectively explain the semantic function expansion of the wang construction. “他往学校走了” (He walked towards the school) indicates that the action of walking has occurred, but does not necessarily mean that the expected destination or direction has been reached, whereas “他往墙上贴了一张纸” (He pasted a piece of paper onto the wall) indicates that the action has occurred and the moved object has reached the target. This kind of phenomenon only occurs in the wang construction, and similar semantic functions are not found in the chao and xiang constructions. This paper observes that the preposition wang not only corresponds to (eu)ro (direction of the action) in Korean, but also corresponds to e (goal of the action) and eul/ul(patient of the action) , which means that the three concepts are connected in the semantic concept space. This paper conducts a comprehensive investigation on NP and VP combined with the preposition wang through a large amount of corpus analysis and questionnaires, and finds that its syntactic components and the contextual constraints on the semantics of wang construction. This paper also indicates that the semantic expansion of wang is the result of the inference under the mechanism of metonymy. The inferencing meaning is implied in the structure of wang and gradually transforming from the conversational implication to the conventional implication.

介词“往”可放在动词前后引入动作方向，有几位学者对前置词“往”可引介动作目标与终点的现象有所关注，但大多止于描述有限的现象，未对“往+NP+VP”构式的各项语法成分进行穷尽式分析，也未考察其语法成分与其语义功能的对应关系，因而并不能有效地解释“往”构式的语义功能扩张，例如“他往学校走了”表示“走”这个动作已发生，并不意味着到达预期目标/方向；但是“他往墙上贴了一张纸”则表示动作已发生并且移动体“纸”已到达其目标“墙上”。前者移动事件的实行并不意味着到达预期目标，但后者移动事件的实行即意味着到达所预期目标。此类现象只出现在“往”构式，具有相似语义功能的“朝”与“向”构式中则并未发现。本文观察到前置词“往”除了对应于韩语中表示动作方向的“-(으)로”，也可与表示动作终点的“-에”以及动作对象的“-을/를”对应，这说明这三个概念在语义的概念空间上是相连接的。基于此类现象，本文通过大量的语料统计以及调查问卷对与前置词“往”相结合的NP以及VP进行了全面性考察，发现其句法成分以及前后语境对“往”构式语义的制约。本文认为往预期目标移动的事件到移动物体到达目标的语义扩展是在转喻机制下通过推理而产生的结果，此推理义起先隐涵于“往”构式，并逐渐从会话隐涵转化为规约隐涵。