본고에서는 ‘冰好融化’, ‘老人不好起身’와 같은 중국어 ‘NP+好+VP’ 구문을 주목하여 이러한 구문들은 중국어에서 비전형적 중간(middle) 의미영역을 부호화하는 문법장치라는 것을 밝혔다. 이어서 본고는 위와 같은 중국어 중간 구문과 대응하는 한국어 표현 네 가지를 고찰하였다. 한·중 표현의 차이는 인지 구조의 차이에서 기인하며, 인지언어학 이론을 바탕으로 중국어의 두 가지 유형 ‘NP+好+VP’ 중간 구문과 한국어에서의 네 가지 대응 표현, 총 여섯 가지 유형 구문의 인지 도식을 구축하였다. 또한, 기존 연구에서 다루지 못하던 동사 앞에 쓰여 4성으로 읽히며 ‘어떤 일이 자주 발생하고 쉽게 발생하다’의 의미로 갖는 ‘好’가 중간 의미영역에 있어 3성의 ‘好’와 공통점을 가진다는 것을 밝혔다.
This article defines and discusses two types of “NP + 好 + VP” constructions in Chinese from the perspective of transitivity: the middle construction in spontaneous events type and reflexive events type. Spontaneous events refer to events such as “germination”, “illness”, “evaporation”, “melting” and “ripening” that occur naturally based on internal mechanisms observed through human experience. The middle construction in spontaneous events type is represented by atypical middle constructions such as “冰好融化(Ice melts well)” and “金针菇好熟(enoki mushrooms cook well)”. “The middle construction in reflexive events type, such as “老人上完厕所不好起身(The elderly have difficulty getting up after using the bathroom)” and “孕妇不好弯腰(Pregnant women have difficulty bending over)” refers to a type of atypical middle construction composed of reflexive verbs that cause changes in body posture directed towards oneself.” According to the arguments presented in Yang Liu (2022a) and this article, both of the aforementioned middle constructions meet the criteria of non-agentivity, causativity, variability and affectedness of the subject. Their main function is to describe a certain attribute of the subject, and their constructional meaning is 'the property of subject X provides appropriate conditions for the occurrence of event E’. The article also compares and illustrates the distinguishability of event participants in these two atypical middle constructions with those of single participant events, two participant events and typical middle constructions (similar to passive-like middles). Based on this comparison, the article argues for the consistency in the middle construction sense between the fourth tone “好” representing the semantic of “usually easy” and the third tone “好”. It resolves the qualitative issue in “NP + 好 + VP” constructions such as “刚会骑车的人好摔跤(People who have just learned to ride a bike are prone to falling)” construction. Subsequently, this article investigates the corresponding expressions in Korean for the middle construction in spontaneous events type and reflexive events type.” In Korean, there are two corresponding sentence patterns for the middle construction in spontaneous events type, which are the 'X-는 Adv Vi-어미' form and the 'X-는 Y-가 Adv Vi-어미' form, both of which are intransitive verb predicates. There are also two corresponding sentence patterns in Korean for the middle construction in reflexive events type, which are the 'X-는 Y-를 Vi-기 Adj-어미' form and the 'X-는 Y-를 V-사동접미사-기 Adj-어미' form. From the perspective of cognitive grammar, this article provides an iconic representation of the two types of middle constructions in Chinese 'NP+好+VP' and the four corresponding Korean forms. This sheds light on the different encoding methods of atypical middle semantics in Chinese and Korean.
1. 서론
2. 중국어 구문의 두 가지 하위 유형
3. 한국어 대응 표현
4. 결론
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