汉语语气词“呢”与韩国语终结词尾“네”的预期对比研究

A Comparative Study on the Expectation of the Chinese Modal Particle ‘ne’ and the Korean Sentence-Closing Ending ‘-ney’

The Chinese modal particle ‘ne’ and the Korean sentence-closing ending ‘-ney’ are typical means of expressing the expectation category in Chinese and Korean. This paper mainly analyzes the Chinese modal particle ‘ne’ and the Korean sentence-closing ending based on the expectation cognitive information model by Chen Zhenyu (2021). Comparing the expectation types of the Chinese modal particle ‘ne’ and the Korean sentence-closing ending ‘-ney’, we can initially draw the similarities and differences between the two in terms of expectation types: in terms of similarities, both can express ‘single expectation type’ and ‘compound expectation type’, and both rely on certain reasoning mechanism to realize the derivation between conditional information and expectation information; in terms of differences, the ‘compound expectation type’ in the expectation expression of the Chinese modal particle ‘ne’ is prominent, and the ‘single expectation type’ in the expectation expression of the Korean sentence-closing ending ‘-ney’ is prominent, and the associated mechanism of the Chinese modal particle ‘ne’ is relatively diverse, mainly based on ‘causal inference’, while the association mechanism of the Korean sentence-closing ending ‘-ney’ is relatively simple, mainly based on ‘abductive reasoning’. The reasons for the above similarities and differences between the two are closely related to subjectivity, tone types, and the characteristics of tone expression.

汉语语气词“呢”和韩国语终结词尾“네”是汉韩语表达预期范畴的典型手段，本文主要在陈振宇（2021）的预期信息模型的基础上，对汉语语气词“呢”和韩国语终结词尾“네”的预期类型进行对比，初步可以得出两者在预期类型方面的异同：相同点方面，两者皆可表达“单一预期类型”和“复合预期类型”，且都借助一定的推理机制实现条件信息与预期信息间的推衍；不同点方面，汉语语气词“呢”的预期表达中“复合预期类型”突显，韩国语终结词尾“네”的预期表达中“单一预期类型”突显，且汉语语气词“呢”的关联机制相对多样，以“因果推理”为主，韩国语终结词尾“네”的关联机制相对单一，以“溯因推理”为主。两者呈现上述异同的动因与主观性、语气类型、语气表达自身特点有较密切关联。