汉语“血”与韩语“피”的语义扩张对比研究 - 基于隐喻、转喻、隐转喻的分析

A Comparative Study on Semantic Expansion of Chinese “血” and Korean “피”: Based on the Analysis of Metaphor, Metonymy and Metaphtonymy

As “meta-concepts”, body-part terms exist universally and play an important role in the semantic expansion of language. In different languages, the semantic expansion of body-part terms has both commonality and individuality. This paper takes the body-part term “血/피” which has received little attention in academic circle as the research object, combines dictionary definition and relevant corpus to analyze the semantic expansion of Chinese “血” and Korean “피” from the perspective of metaphor, metonymy and metaphtonymy in cognitive linguistics, and finds the commonality and individuality of their semantic expansion by comparison. The study finds that in the aspect of commonality, the extended meanings formed by semantic extension of “血” and “피” are largely similar, and the semantic extension of the two has the same expansion direction, mechanism and basis; in terms of individuality, each of them has its own extended meaning, and the semantic extension of Chinese “血” is richer and more active than that of Korean “피”, and there is multiple class membership in the semantic extension of Chinese “血”.

人体词作为“元概念”，在人类语言的语义扩张中普遍存在，并发挥着举足轻重的作用。在不同语言之间，人体词的语义扩张既存在共性，又蕴含个性。本文以学界关注较少的人体词“血/피”为研究对象，结合其词典释义和语料库中的相关语料，从认知语言学的隐喻、转喻以及隐转喻三个角度，分析汉语“血”和韩语“피”的语义扩张，进而对比得出两者语义扩张的共性和个性。研究发现：在共性方面，两者语义扩张形成的引申义大同小异，且两者语义扩张有着相同的扩张方向、扩张机制、扩张基础；在个性方面，两者语义扩张中各自存在独有的引申义，而且汉语“血”的语义扩张相比韩语“피”更为丰富、活跃，并存在词的兼类现象。