“V 不 OC”结构在北京话中消失的年代

When did the VONegC structure disappear in Beijing Mandarin?

It is generally believed that the construction VONegC (V stands for verb, O for object, Neg for negation adverb, and C for potential complement) has vanished long before Modern Mandarin Chinese. By investigation of four novels written in Beijing Mandarin of Qing time, the paper, however, shows that this structure was still in use up till the mid-Qing and late-Qing period, though with a significant limitation. That is, O is restricted to a monosyllable person pronoun. It could be reasonably concluded that VONegC disappeared in Beijing Mandarin no earlier than the end of the Qing Dynasty.

能性述补结构“VO不C”在近代汉语中逐渐为“V不CO”结构所替换，这是一个非常漫长的过程。本文通过分析《儿女英雄传》《三侠五义》《小五义》《续小五义》这4部反映清末北京话的小说中的“VO不C”，说明“VO不C”在清代中晚期仍有用例，但有一个限制：宾语是单音节的人称代词。“VO不C”在北京话中完全消亡的时间，当不早于清末。