栾川方言疑问句初探

The Study of the Luanchuan Dialect Interrogative Sentences

Luanchuan County is situated in the western of Henan Province, and it's local dialect belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin. This paper primarily focuses on the language used by residents within Luanchuan County's urban area and, based on field investigations, systematically examines the interrogative sentence system of Luanchuan dialect. The study centers on the interrogative sentence system of Luanchuan dialect, categorizing it into four major types: polar questions, specific questions, alternative questions, and A-NOT-A questions. Due to the absence of the question particle “吗” in Luanchuan dialect, polar questions place significant emphasis on using intonation to convey interrogative meanings, and the discourse particle “包[pɑu]”, akin to the interrogative particle “吧” in Standard Mandarin, embodies a speaker's inclination. Building on the investigation of specific questions, the study delves into interrogative pronouns, comparing distinctions between Luanchuan dialect and Standard Mandarin, along with differences within the dialect, particularly offering unique insights into the semantics and syntactic functions of the word “几”. Different types of alternative questions are also examined. Additionally, A-NOT-A questions are categorized based on the variations in negative words. Nonetheless, comprehensive comparative studies of the four types of interrogative sentences require further exploration, providing potential avenues for future research. Through a rich collection of examples, the paper highlights the characteristics of Luanchuan dialect and, to some extent, underscores distinctions between Luanchuan dialect and Standard Mandarin, as well as internal variations within Luanchuan dialect.

栾川县位于河南省西部，栾川地区方言属于中原官话。本文主要以栾川县城内居民所使用的语言作为主要的研究对象，在实地调查的基础上整理了栾川方言的疑问句系统。本文聚焦于栾川方言的疑问句系统，将其分为四大类来进行研究，即是非问、特指问、选择问和正反问。 栾川方言因缺乏疑问词“吗”，是非问比较重视用疑问语气来传达疑问信息，和普通话疑问语气词“吧”字类似的“包[pɑu]”字疑问句包含了话者的倾向性。研究还在探究特指问的基础上，深入研究了疑问代词，比较了栾川方言和普通话之间的异同，以及方言内部代词的差异，尤其是对“几”字的词义和语法功能提出了独到的见解。文章还研究了选择问的不同类型，也按照否定词的不同对正反问句进行了分类分析。然而，对四种疑问句的比较研究仍有待深入研究，为未来的研究提供了潜在的研究领域。文章通过丰富的例句，呈现出了栾川方言的特色，并在一定程度上对比了栾川方言和普通话的异同，以及栾川方言内部的差别。