形容词的动态性与现代汉语VA动结式的能产性

The Dynamic Feature of Adjectives and the Productivity of Chinese ‘VA’ Resultative Construction

In general, Chinese resultative constructions are widely believed to be highly productive. However, individual differences exist within these constructions, and not all result complements can freely form multiple constructions. Both dynamic adjectives and resultative constructions in Chinese can express the meaning of state change, both dynamic adjectives and regular adjectives can function as result complements within resultative constructions. This paper argues that the [dynamic] feature of adjectival result complements significantly influences the productivity of resultative constructions. This paper extensively examines and statistically analyzes occurrences of “VA了” resultative constructions in the BCC corpus from the perspective of adjectival result complements. The findings indicate that adjectival result complements with strong [dynamic] feature can combine more verbs, and impose fewer causativeness and semantic constraints in resultative constructions, thus showing higher productivity.

一般普遍认为汉语动结式具有高度的能产性，然而动结式内部却存在个体的差异，并不是所有结果补语能够随意地构成多个动结式。汉语中动态形容词和动结式都可以表达状态变化的语义，而动态形容词又可以和其他形容词一样，作为结果补语进入动结式。本文认为形容词结果补语的[动态性]是影响动结式能产性的一个重要因素。本文从形容词结果补语的角度出发，对59个形容词结果补语在语料库中出现的“VA了”动结式进行了穷尽式的考察和统计。考察的结果显示，[动态性]强的动态形容词结果补语结合的动词数量更多，对动词使动性的要求，以及动结式的语义限制方面的要求都相对宽松，表现出了较高的能产性。