多重互动视域下汉语“X+死”构式研究

A Study on Construction ‘X+Si’ in Chinese from the Perspective of Multi-interaction

This paper proposed four different sub-constructions of the ‘X+Si’ construction group based on the meaning of ‘Si’ and analyzed the status and the typicity of each sub-construction depending on whether there is calculability. According to my research, it is found that ‘X+Si1’ is a typical group member and grammatical construction. As for ‘X+Si2’ and ‘X+Si3’, both of them are untypical group member, but they can also be considered as grammatical construction due to their high grammaticalization degree. Meanwhile, ‘X+Si4’ is an untypical group member and rhetoric construction. This paper attempted to draw the conclusion that the meaning extension is caused by the multi-interaction of various cognitive domains, such as construction & lexical morpheme, construction & syntactic element, syntax & semantics, rhythm & syntax, pragmatics & syntax. The mechanisms causing the result can be explained by analogy, reanalysis, metonymy, metaphor, pragmatic inference, and context absorption.

本文根据“死”的语义，指出“X+死”构式群包含了四个子构式，并根据是否具有推导性对各个子构式的身份及其典型性进行了分析。其中，“X1+死1”构式是典型成员，是语法构式；“X2+死2”构式和“X3+死3”构式是非典型成员，但其语法化程度高，仍是语法构式；“X4+死4”是非典型成员，是修辞构式。基于此，本文对“X+死”构式群的形成过程和作用机制进行考察，表明这是构式与构词语素、构式与外部句法成分、句法与语义、韵律与句法、语用和句法等不同界面之间以及动作域与状态域、具体概念域与抽象概念域及动作域与程度域等不同认知域之间多重互动压制的结果。而发挥作用的机制，主要是类推、重新分析、转喻和隐喻、语用推理、语境吸收等。