≪论衡≫“V1之V2”结构的特征与发展研究

An Analysis on the Features and Development of “V1之V2” Structure in LunHeng

The co-occurrence structure “V1之V2” belongs to a special structure of “V1OV2” type Serial-Verb-Structure, which has little mature semantic, syntactic and pragmatic relationship. Semantically, there is a semantic relationship of “behavior – result” between “V1” of explanatory behavior and “V2” of supplementary explanatory results. There is a “verb – object” relationship between “V1” and “之”, but there is no semantic relationship of “behavior – subject” between “V2” and “之”. Syntactically, “V1之” refers to a certain event, and there may be various insertions between “V1之” and “V2” that supplement the explanation of the result. These insertions, the existence of the causative verbs and narrative structures indicate that the relationship between “V1” and “之” is an “active-object” combination. Whether it is semantic or syntactic, the “之” in the “V1之V2” structure is not the center of expression of the article, not the focus of expression. This means that the “之” in the “V1之V2” structure has different grammatical functions from the “之” in the “V1得之V2” structure in modern Chinese, such as “写得之好”, “跑得之快”, and “长得之漂亮”. Moreover, “V2” has different semantic features, so if the combination conditions among “V1”，“V2” and “之” are different, the development and evolution direction of “V1之V2” are also different.

《论衡》共现结构“V1之V2”属于“V1OV2”型连谓结构中的一种特殊结构，该结构的语义、句法和语用关系都不甚成熟。 语义上，交代行为的“V1”与补充说明结果的“V2”之间存在“行为-结果”语义关系，“V1”与“之”之间是动宾关系，但“V2”与“之”之间不存在“行为-受事”语义关系。句法上，“V1之”交代某个事件，与补充说明结果的“V2”之间可能出现各种插入成分。这些插入成分以及使役动词、叙述型结构的存在都说明“V1”与“之”之间是动宾组合关系。这就从语义、句法上说明“V1之V2”结构中表指代作用的“之”与现代汉语“写得之好”、“跑得之快”、“长得之漂亮”等结构中表程度的“之”具有不同的语法功能。而且，“V2”的语义特征不同，“V1”、“V2”、“之”三者之间的组合条件不同，“V1之V2”结构的发展演变方向也不同。