论“也”字句的交际功能

On the Communicative Function of “也” Sentences

“也” is one of the most frequently used words in Chinese. The meaning of “similarity” is the most common form of “也”. In view of the fact that words with the meaning of “similarity” also widely exist in other languages, for Chinese learners, “也” with the meaning of “similarity” is not Difficult to master. However, in modern Chinese, there are many “也” sentences with non-“similar” meanings that make it difficult for foreign Chinese learners to understand, let alone use them accurately. This is because this kind of “也” sentence has a very special expressive function and is a function word, so it is difficult to give perfect explanations to students in teaching. Through the analysis and classification of corpus, this article classifies the semantic types of sentences with modal adverb “也”. At the same time, it analyzes and summarizes the role of “也” in the process of language communication, and concludes that “也” sentences Ability to use a low profile and soft tone to stabilize the other party's emotions and achieve effective communication in difficult situations. This article also analyzes and reveals the reasons why the “也” sentence is endowed with this communicative function from a diachronic and cognitive perspective. It is hoped that this article can help Chinese language learners better understand the pragmatic functions of “也” sentences, and be able to use “也” sentences to help them achieve their communicative goals. It will also add basic information to the study of “也” in Chinese.

“也”在汉语中是使用频率最高的词汇之一。“类同”义是“也”最为常见的形式，鉴于“类同”义的词汇在其它语言中也广泛存在，因此对于汉语习得者来说，“类同”义的“也”并不难以掌握。但是，在现代汉语当中，也有很多非“类同”义的“也”字句让外国的汉语习得者感到难以理解，更不要说准确地使用了。这是因为这种“也”字句具有十分特殊的表达功能，且属于虚词，因此在教学中也很难对学生进行十分到位的说明。 本文通过对语料的分析和归类，对语气副词“也”字句的语义类型进行了分类，同时对“也”在语言交际过程中所起到的作用加以分析和总结，得出“也”字句能以低姿态弱语气的方法，在交际困境中，稳定对方的情绪，实现有效沟通。本文还从历时和认知的角度，分析和揭示了“也”字句被赋予这种交际功能的原因。 希望本文能够帮助汉语习得者更好地理解“也”字句的语用功能，并能够使用“也”字句来帮助自己实现交际目标，同时也能为汉语“也”的研究增添基础资料。