“拿出NP(来)”及其同义句式的实际使用情况考察

An Empirical Investigation on Actual Usage of “na chu NP (lai)” and Its Synonymous Constructions

This study examines the actual usage of the construction “na chu NP (lai)(take out NP)” and its synonymous constructions from the perspective of constructional competition. The results of our experiments and corpus statistics show that when expressing the caused-motion event of taking something out of space, the most dominant construction is “na chu NP“ rather than the traditionally assumed “na chu NP lai”. However, the independent value of “na chu NP lai” as a construction lies in the function of “lai”, which serves to connect sentences or strengthen imperative tone. Furthermore, the construction “na chu lai NP” intends to carry an unidentifiable referent. But its function is overshadowed by the “na chu NP” construction. This study also argues that the information structure of the different constructions also influences the choice of construction to a certain extent. The results of this study can be applied to Chinese language teaching to reduce the output burden of learners when acquiring directional complements.

本文从构式竞争的角度，考察了“拿出NP（来）”及其同义句式的实际使用情况。通过语感实验和语料库的统计发现，在表达“将某物体从某个空间拿出来”这个致使位移事件时，最强势的句式是“拿出NP”，而不是固有观念里所认为的“拿出NP来”。不过，“拿出NP来”句式的独立价值在于，“来”具有衔接语篇或加强祈使语气的功能。另外，“拿出来NP”携带不可识别的指称对象的能力最强，但其功能被“拿出NP”句式覆盖。本研究也发现，信息结构特征也在一定程度上影响了构式的选择。本研究的结果可以应用于汉语教学，减少学习者在学习趋向补语时的输出负担。