基于互动构式语法的致使性述补构式“X+死”研究

A Study on Predicate-Complement Causative Construction ‘X+Si’ Based on Interactional Construction Grammar Theory

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the syntactic form of the predicate-complement causative construction ‘X+Si’ and to analyze the coercion phenomenon inside it. According to the research， it was observed that the construction is formed by the interactional integration of causative construction，the surface form，and predicate-complement construction，the underlying form. This kind of interaction can be divided into fusion and coercion. Typical Predicate-complement causative construction has its semantic role and the argument of ‘X+Si’ in an integrated relationship，which is in one-on-one correspondence. On the other hand，non-typical predicate-complement causative construction proves that causative construction causes interaction among predicate-complement construction，predicate ‘X’，and complement ‘Si’. First of all，the predicate-complement construction coerces the lexical item to have a new meaning by giving it a value. Next，the argument structure of the predicate-complement causative construction ‘X+Si’ is changed due to the coercion of the causative construction. Finally，as the meaning of complement ‘Si’ coerces predicate ‘X’ to get a meaning of ‘degree’，the nuance of the construction is also changed due to the pragmatic interaction between the predicate ‘X’ and the complement ‘Si’.

本文以致使性述补构式“X+死”为研究对象，运用构式语法，考察了致使性述补构式“X+死”的句法表达形式，并分析了致使性述补构式“X+死”内部存在的压制问题。研究表明，致使性述补构式“X+死”是由表层的致使构式和底层的述补构式“X+死”互动整合而成。而这种互动主要表现为融合和压制两种方式。典型的致使性述补构式“X+死”中，致使构式的题元结构和述补构式“X+死”的论元角色一一对应，表现为融合关系；而非典型的致使性述补构式则体现了致使构式对述补构式的压制以及述补构式内部，述语“X”和补语“死”的互动压制。首先，致使构式可以对进入其中的词项进行赋值，迫使其产生新的意义。其次，在致使构式的压制下，述补构式“X+死”的论元结构会发生改变。最后，在述补构式“X+死”中，补语“死”的语义压制可以迫使述语“X”产生程度义，同时通过述语“X”和补语“死”在语用层面上的互动压制，述补构式“X+死”的感情色彩也会发生变化。