致使构式“N1+谓+得+N2+N3+VP”中N2论元句法实现模式研究

A Study on the Syntactic Realization Patterns of the N2 Argument in the Causative Construction “N1+Predicate+得+N2+N3+VP”

This study focuses on the causative construction “N1+Predicate+得+N2+N3+VP” and systematically explores the syntactic realization patterns of the N2 argument and their causes. The research finds that the transitivity features of the predicate verb and the semantic role of N1 are key factors in determining the syntactic realization of the N2 argument. When the predicate verb is transitive and N1 assumes the role of the affected agent (受事致事), the N2 argument can either appear explicitly or be omitted, while maintaining semantic coherence. However, when the predicate verb is intransitive and N1 assumes the role of the external causative agent (外在致事), the N2 argument must appear explicitly; otherwise, the syntactic structure and semantic integrity will be compromised. The causes of the syntactic realization patterns of the N2 argument can be explained from two perspectives: First, syntactic and semantic factors within the construction. The establishment of the causative construction depends on the presence of a co-referential argument between the cause event and the result event. Transitive causative constructions typically exhibit a single-layer causative relationship, where the N2 argument can either be explicitly present or omitted, and the co-referential argument between the cause and result events remains, making the sentence valid. In contrast, intransitive causative constructions typically exhibit a two-layer causative relationship, and when the N2 argument is omitted, the co-referential argument between the cause and result events disappears, rendering the sentence ungrammatical. Second, from the cognitive linguistics perspective, mechanisms such as iconicity and metaphor provide theoretical support for the syntactic realization patterns of the N2 argument. This study deepens the understanding of the syntactic realization patterns of the N2 argument in causative constructions and reveals their causes from both syntactic and cognitive perspectives, offering new insights and evidence for related linguistic theoretical research.

本研究以致使构式“N1+谓+得+N2+N3+VP”为研究对象，系统探讨了N2论元的句法实现模式及其成因。研究发现，谓语动词的及物性特征与N1的语义角色是决定N2论元句法实现的关键因素。当谓语动词具备及物性特征，且N1承担受事致事角色时，N2论元既可显性出现，也可隐性省略，并能保持语义连贯。然而，当谓语动词具备非及物性特征，且N1为外在致事角色时，N2论元必须显性存在，否则句法结构和语义完整性将受到损害。N2论元句法实现规律的成因主要从以下两方面进行解释：一是构式内部的句法与语义因素。致使构式的成立关键在于使因事件与结果事件之间是否存在共指论元。及物性致使构式通常表现为单层致使关系，无论N2显性存在还是隐性省略，使因事件与结果事件之间均存在共指论元，句子能够成立；而非及物性致使构式通常表现为双层致使关系，当N2论元隐性省略时，使因事件与结果事件之间的共指论元消失，句子因此无法成立。二是认知语言学视角下的解释机制。像似性和隐喻机制为N2论元句法实现模式提供了理论支持。本研究深化了对致使构式中N2论元句法实现规律的理解，并从句法与认知两个层面揭示其成因，为相关语言学理论研究提供了新的视角和依据。