构式“X+Num+VCL”的演变及构式化研究 -以计数动量词“下”、“回”、“次”为中心

A study on the Constructional Changes and Constructionalization of Construction “X+Num+VCL” -Focused on the Count Verbal Classifier “下”、“回”、“次”.

This paper starts from the phenomenon of “mismatches” in which nouns and adjectives can also be used with momentum words (originally only with verbs), this paper takes the construction “X+Num+VCL” as the center and combines the basic theory of construction grammar to understand the general characteristics of each construction form, meanwhile, it also understands the semantic relationship between each construction. From the perspective of constructionalization, it studies the phenomenon of matching between form and semantics And the reasons for this phenomenon. Regarding the theory of construction grammar, starting with “constructionalization and constructional changes”, “three factors of construction (schematicity, productivity, compositionality)”, “construction gestalt system” and “inheritance link” involved in construction grammar, it is concluded that “X+Num+VCL” has different forms and meanings in different periods, forming the pairing of form（new)-meaning(new), generating new nodes in network links, and the schematicity, productivity and compositionality of the three also showed gradients. According to the characteristics of the “x” component in the construction, we can get the inheritance relationship between them. The construction “V(Action)+Num+VCL” is the original construction, It is also a productive construction. The construction “V(Abstract)+Num+VCL”, “A+Num+VCL” and “N(Instrument/Feature)+Num+VCL” all inherit some features of the original construction, The original construction causes the new construction and is called the rationale for the existence of the new construction. In the process of expanding from prototype to non-prototype, there are certain construction factors, which are the principle of maximum expressiveness, the most economical principle, the principle of analogy thinking and analogization, and the principle of suppression. In addition to these four construction factors, cognitive mechanism has also achieved the development of construction.

本文从名词和形容词也可以与(本只与动词连用的)动量词连用的这种“错配“现象出发，以构式“X+Num+VCL”为中心，结合构式语法的基本理论，在了解各构式形式上表现普遍特征的同时，也了解各个构式之间在语义上的联系，从构式化角度考察形式与语义的配对关系以及产生这种现象的原因。 关于构式语法理论，分别从构式语法涉及的“构式化与构式演变”、“构式化的三个因素（图示性、组合性、能产性）”、“构式完型体系”以及“继承链接”入手，得出“X+Num+VCL”在不同时期有不一样的形式和意义，形成了语义新-形式新的配对，在网络链接中产生了新节点，并且三者的图示性、组合性以及能产性也呈现出等级梯度。根据构式中“X”成分所具有的特征，我们可以得出他们之间的继承关系，构式“V动作+Num+VCL”是能产构式，构式“V抽象+Num+VCL”、“A+Num+VCL”、“N特定工具+Num+VCL”、构式“N特色+Num+VCL”都继承了原始构式的部分特征，原始构式引发新构式并称为新构式存在的理据。 在从原型构式向非原型构式的扩展过程中，存在着一定的构式化因素，分别是最大表现力原则、最经济原则、类比思考和类比化、压制原则。另外，除了存在这四个构式化因素以外，认知机制也成就了这些构式的发展。