语义韵视角下的韩汉翻译对等词研究 - 以“역력하다”和“明显”、“历历在目”为例

Research on Korean—Chinese Translation Equivalent Words from the Perspective of Semantic Prosody - A Case Study of “역력하다”, “明显” and “历历在目”

This paper mainly studies the translation equivalence relationship between “역력하다”and its Chinese primary equivalent words from the perspective of semantic prosody. It is found through analysis that“역력하다”and its primary translation equivalent words “明显”、“历历在目”respectively show “inclusive translation equivalence” and “partial consistent translation equivalence”. Semantic prosody is mainly influenced by collocative words and semantic preference. Specifically speaking, if there is similarity between primary equivalent words and source language node words in terms of semantic aggregation feature of collocative words, the equivalence ratio between the two is higher, and vice versa. Although “历历在目” is the Chinese source word of “역력하다”, extended meaning unit and semantic prosody of the two is only partially consistent, and the equivalence ratio is less than 20%, which easily cause mistranslation. The extended meaning unit model of “明显” presents multiple and complex performance. It includes seven semantic prosodies, which forms sharp contrast with comparatively single semantic prosody feature of “역력하다”. This also states that translation equivalence ratio in word level is relatively low, and translation equivalence study above the word level shall be strengthened.

本文主要从语义韵的视角考察了“역력하다”与汉语初似对等词的翻译对等关系。分析发现：“역력하다”和初似翻译对等词“明显”、“历历在目”分别呈现“涵盖式翻译对等关系”和“部分一致翻译对等关系”。语义韵主要受到搭配词语及语义选择趋向的影响。即初似对等词和源语节点词如果在搭配词语的语义聚合特征上有相似性，二者的对等率则较高，反之则相反。尽管“历历在目”是“역력하다”的汉字词来源词，但是二者的扩展意义单位及语义韵只有部分一致，对等率小于20%，极易造成误译。“明显”的扩展意义单位模型呈现多重复杂的状况，共有7个语义韵，这与“역력하다”相对单一的语义韵特征形成鲜明对比。这也说明，词层面的翻译对等率较低，应该加强单词以上层面的翻译对等研究。