『四聲通解』에 인용된 『蒙古韻略』과 『蒙古字韻』의 비교연구 — 齊薺霽韻을 중심으로

A Comparative study between the “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lü” Cited in the “Sa-Seong-tong-Ha” and the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” in the British Museum - Focused on “Qī(齊)Jǐ(薺)Jì(霽)” Rhyme

This paper first questions the two propositions of Ning Ji Fu(寧忌浮) (1997), and refutes Prof. Ning's propositions with the records in “Sa-Seong-Tong-Hae”. There is a great difference in style between the “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” seen by Choi Se-Jin and the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” in the British Museum; the 108 Chinese characters with simple notes are not added by Zhu Zongwen, but are included in the original editions of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”. This paper makes a comparison between “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” in “Sa-Seong-Tong-Hae” and the “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” in the British Museum. The result is that the The pronunciation of recorded Chinese characters in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” is exactly the same, but there is a big difference in the Chinese characters included in the two books. According to Choi Se-Jin's correct transliteration of Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum and the transliteration of Basiba in the materials of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, inscription and surname, this paper holds that the pronunciation of the Chinese character，“鷄 稽 筓 枅，計 係 繫 薊 髻 繼” in “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” is [kiei], and the pronunciation of the Chinese character “規 �� 摫 圭 珪 邽 閨 袿 窐，癸，季 桂” is [kiuei]. According to “Sa-Seong-Tong-Hae”, the [-iuei] sound “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” is translated into four kinds of characters: /-ioi/, /-iui/, /-ioei/ and /-iuei/. This paper explains the different transliteration phenomena of the same vowel. According to the records of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” quoted by “zhī(支) zhǐ(紙) zhì(寘)” Rhyme, “Qī(齊)Jǐ(薺)Jì(霽)” Rhyme and “huī(灰) huǐ(賄) duì(隊)” Rhyme in “Sa-Seong-Tong-Hae” and the rewriting of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and other materials such as “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun”, we can draw the conclusion that the “zhī(支) zhǐ(紙) zhì(寘)” Rhyme of “Meng-Gu-Yun-Lüe” and the “zhī(支)” rhyme of “Meng-Gu-Zi-Yun” have six yunmu(韻母):[-i],[-ɿ],[-ʅ],[-iei],[-uei] and [-iuei]. In “Sa-Seong-Tong-Hae”, Choi Se-Jin only mentioned “Qian Zi Meng Yin” twice, but these two times carry great weight, which shows that he attaches importance to the correct view of realistic pronunciation and the correct understanding of phonetics.

本文首先對寧忌浮（1997）的兩個主張提出質疑，之後用《四聲通解》中的記錄反駁了寧先生的主張：崔世珍所見《蒙古韻略》和大英博物館所藏朱宗文手抄本《蒙古字韻》在體例上存在著很大的不同；《蒙古字韻》有簡單注釋的108個韻字均見於《蒙古韻略》，所以《蒙古字韻》和《蒙古字韻》原刊本亦收錄這108個韻字，並非朱宗文所加。 接著之前的研究，本文對《四聲通解》齊薺霽韻所引《蒙古韻略》和大英博物館所藏《蒙古字韻》作了收錄字和讀音上的比較，結果是：相同韻字在《蒙古韻略》、《蒙古字韻》中的讀音完全一致，但是兩書在收錄字上呈現不小的差異。 依據崔世珍的訓民正音轉寫和《蒙古字韻》、碑文、《百家姓》等資料中的八思巴字轉寫，本文認為《蒙古韻略》支韻紙韻寘韻、《蒙古字韻》支韻「鷄 稽 筓 枅」、「計 係 繫 薊 髻 繼」的音為[kiei]；「規 �� 摫 圭 珪 邽 閨 袿 窐」、「癸」、「季 桂」的音為[kiuei]。據《四聲通解》，[-iuei]音《蒙古韻略》八思巴字轉寫為/-ioi/、/-iui/、/-ioei/、/-iuei/四種，本文對同一韻母的不同轉寫現象作了解釋。 依據《四聲通解》支紙寘韻、齊薺霽韻、灰賄隊韻所引《蒙古韻略》的記錄和《蒙古字韻》等資料的八思巴字轉寫可以得出《蒙古韻略》支紙寘韻、《蒙古字韻》支韻有[-i]、[-ɿ]、[-ʅ]、[-iei]、[-uei]、[-iuei]六個韻母的結論。 崔世珍在《四聲通解》裡只提及了《千字文》的八思巴字注音文獻《千字蒙音》兩次，但是這兩次都很有分量，體現了他重視現實音的正音觀和對語音的正確認識。