《现代汉语词典》释义问题指瑕

Mistakes in Annotation in Modern Chinese Dictionary

Modern Chinese Dictionary, as a medium-sized Chinese language reference book, plays an important role in Chinese language learning and researching. As it has a broad influence, the potential flaws in annotation would bring out negative impact on readers. Take the 7th edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary for example. The writer finds out some mistakes in it through careful study. In annotation, there are mistakes such as “incorrect and inappropriate definitions, over-extended as well as under-extended denotation of the definitions, and missing as well as redundant senses of the entries, for every of which, a certain number of individual examples are included. The problems in annotation should especially draw attention of the lexicographers and the language learners. Pointing out and correcting the mistakes is obligatory both for upholding the authority of Modern Chinese Dictionary and for restoring the real sense of Chinese lexicon and the definitions of specific words. It is also of great realistic guiding significance for language learning and researching.

《现代汉语词典》作为中型语文工具书在汉语学习与研究中扮演重要角色，因其影响广泛，如果在释义方面存在瑕疵，也更容易给读者带来负面影响。以《现汉》（第7版）为例，本文通过观察分析发现，其在释义方面，存在某些如“释义有误”“释义不到位”“释义外延过大”“外延过小”以及“义项缺失”“义项多余”等问题。这些释义方面的每类问题都涉及到一定数量的具体个例，应该引起词典编纂者及语言学习者的注意。而将这些问题一一指出并加以纠正，不仅是为了维护《现汉》的权威性，也是为了还原汉语词汇、词义的真实面目，对语言学习及研究有现实指导意义。